I arrived at 7:10 a.m., 14 persons were ahead of me in the Maryland Avenue line for the members of the SCT bar. There were at least 100 people on the front plaza and sidewalk, many of whom had evidently camped out overnight, but as there is no grass left due to the construction projects, it must have been uncomfortable sitting on the sidewalk for so long.
By 9 a.m., there were well over 100 attorneys in the bar line, and it was obvious that the majority would have to listen to the oral arguments in the “overflow” room, where the sound is piped in through loudspeakers. In fact, only a little more than 20 members of the bar got in at 10 a.m., partly because 23 people were being sworn into the bar this morning, the majority were from the US Coast Guard. Not until 11:10 a.m. were another 10 or so members of the bar allowed to take the remaining seats that had been held vacant. The public area was jam-packed, except for the “VIP bench” which only had two men whom I did not recognize, probably Congressmen. That was a contrast with Hamdi/Padilla oral arguments, in which several Senators were on the VIP bench, along with then-Judge Chertoff, and (so I was later told), Chief Judge Mukasey of the SDNY, who first had the Padilla case.
Katyal’s team, oddly, arrived with a hand cart containing three bankers’ boxes, presumably full of documents and pleadings. We never found out, as they did not open the boxes, after all.
I won’t say anything about the substance of the first oral argument, except it is obvious why ERISA is not part of the required law school curriculum! I did note that the justices asked very few questions of the petitioner’s attorney, who was allowed to soliloquize at length, but had far more questions for the respondent’s attorney, and the Assistant SG, who divided the argument time.
Some commotion right at 10:55 as the Attorney General arrives on the right, and a dozen senior members of the SCT press arrive on the left.
At 11, the Chief Justice leaves. There’s a false alarm as Scalia stands up, and we wonder if he is also leaving, but in fact he is merely moving around the piles of briefs, and then sits back down. No other justice stands up during this break. We never did find out if he did any written response to the requests for recusal.
Scalia asks the first question of Katyal (who has an exceptionally clear voice & projects very well, he hardly needed a microphone), but otherwise the justices ask relative few questions of Katyal, who gets opportunity for long discourses. I found most interesting when Katyal put the military commissions and habeas in their historical context, for example noting that from General George Washington onwards, the military commissions were precisely circumscribed.
11:43, SG Clement starts, as before, he uses no notes or anything else on the podium, having so well memorized/rehearsed his pitch, but about a third of the way through, he did uncharacteristically have to retrieve one of the briefs from the counsel’s table, for a few minutes. Overall, there were definitely far more questions of the SG, with several justices interrupting his responses in order to restate their questions. Kennedy’s frustration with the SG was palpable and it didn’t seem to me that the SG was able to satisfy Kennedy. Breyer, Souter, and even Stevens, also had to interrupt the SG to get him to answer their questions.
Scalia’s key comment of the SG was that this was merely a “suspension” of the writ of habeas corpus, which he seemed to view as okay, so that everything else that followed was also okay. But that didn’t seem to garner support from the rest of the bench.
Breyer’s key questions to the SG were that the Authorization for Use of Military Force (Nov. 2001) did not authorize the Guantanamo commissions or the related detentions, removal from civil courts, etc. A number of the detainees were not actually captured on the battlefield, but were turned in by informants much later, and not necessarily charged with war crimes as such. Breyer emphasizes that these are “terribly difficult and important constitutional questions.”
By 12:10 p.m., several of the justices on the north side of the bench were obviously glancing at the clock in the back of the room, but they had to wait another 25 minutes. In contrast to the ERISA case, where the justices kept the pages busy running back to get volumes of the US Reports or to pass notes, the pages had much less to do during the second argument, as the justices were more clearly focused on the oral argument in front of them.
12:28-12:31, Katyal did his rebuttal, with only 2 short questions from Stevens.
Hard to predict the outcome, but I doubt that there will be a 4-4 affirmance of the DC Circuit, as the SCT will assuredly want to have the last word. I predict that Kennedy will join Stevens-Breyer-Ginsburg-Souter for a 5-3 decision. Alito asked very few questions, Thomas none at all, and Scalia’s questions were somewhat calmer than I’ve seen in the past.
I thank the reader very much for this thorough report.